Oligodendrocytes are particular useful types of cell for treatment in conditions such as ataxia,brain injuries,ALS,motor neuron disease and spinal cord damage.
[1] Oligodendrocytes are also helpful for neural function in that it provides insulation through the myelin sheath.

For instance, in our treatments of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, considerable damage in the myelin sheath may be damaged, which exposes the neural cell underneath and impairs nerve signal transmission. [2]

Myelin Sheath Repair Video

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Published Clinical Citations

• [1] ^ Mosebach, Jennifer, Gerburg Keilhoff, Tomasz Gos, Kolja Schiltz, Linda Schoeneck, Henrik Dobrowolny, Christian Mawrin, et al. 2013. Increased nuclear Olig1-expression in the pregenual anterior cingulate white matter of patients with major depression: a regenerative attempt to compensate oligodendrocyte loss? Journal of psychiatric research, no. 8 (April 21). doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23615187

• [2] ^ Pérez, María Julia, Natalia Fernandez, and Juana María Pasquini. 2013. Oligodendrocyte differentiation and signaling after transferrin internalization: a mechanism of action. Experimental neurology (June 21). doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23797152

Progenitor cells are the interim oligopotent cell formed during the differentiation process from stem cell state to the target cell variant.

Video Lecture About Progenitor cells

multipotent progenitor cells are not classified under a  cell category because their capacity to renew is relatively small, as opposed to stem cells that have the capability to divide infinitely like immortal strands.  The stem cell center of Thailand includes progenitor cells in all cardiac stem cell treatments to help develop muscle tissue [cite source=’pubmed’]24167320[/cite] to help to repair heart valve failure, as well as to create new blood vessels for the heart in a process known as angiogenesis. [cite source=’pubmed’]24022988[/cite]

An Ectoderm is a body of cells forming the outermost layer of major organ systems in the body, such as the skin, neural cells and nervous system, and the sensory organs.  This layer is formed by the blastocyst’s inner cell mass.[1]

The cells of various germ layers can differentiate themselves [2] through lab culturing to try to regenerate and repair diseased organs and dysfunctioning systems in the body through a process known as organogenesis.

The ectoderm layer can also give rise to a person’s:

• peripheral nervous system
• central nervous system and spinal cord
• Tooth enamel
• sensory epithelium of your eyes,nose or ear
• Your hair and nails
• Mammary and pituitary glands

Published Clinical Citations

• [1] ^ Pieper, Mareike, Katja Ahrens, Elke Rink, Annette Peter, and Gerhard Schlosser. 2012. Differential distribution of competence for panplacodal and neural crest induction to non-neural and neural ectoderm. Development (Cambridge, England), no. 6 (February 8). doi:10.1242/dev.074468. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22318231

• [2] ^ Yardley, Nathan, and Martín I García-Castro. 2012. FGF signaling transforms non-neural ectoderm into neural crest. Developmental biology, no. 2 (September 19). doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.09.006. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23000357

Stochastic differentiation refers to the process in which a stem cell undergoes division, giving rise to two daughter cells that are differentiated.[1]

On the other hand, another stem cell goes through the process of differentiation or mitosis to generate two stem cells that are similar to its original cell state, thereby maintaining stem cell number.[2] This process of differentiation is necessary for stem cells to maintain their number (stem cell reserve) in the body.[3]

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Published Clinical Citations

• [1] ^ Hayashi, Shin-Ichi, Akihiko Murata, Kazuki Okuyama, Yuhki Shimoda, Mari Hikosaka, Hisataka Yasuda, and Miya Yoshino. 2012. Stochastic differentiation into an osteoclast lineage from cloned macrophage-like cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, no. 2 (October 22). doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.052. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23085228.

• [2] ^ Sturrock, Marc, Andreas Hellander, Anastasios Matzavinos, and Mark A J Chaplain. 2013. Spatial stochastic modelling of the Hes1 gene regulatory network: intrinsic noise can explain heterogeneity in embryonic stem cell differentiation. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, no. 80 (January 16). doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0988. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23325756.

• [3] ^ Tarlinton, David. 2012. B-cell differentiation: instructive one day, stochastic the next. Current biology : CB, no. 7 ( 10). doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.045. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22497941.

Mesenchymal (MSC) derived stem cells are the bodies own restoration system. Nature allows MSC cells to deliver a homing signal that helps recruit other stem cells in the body to mobilize and “fix” an injured area.  Researchers at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine have recently reported that MSC Mesenchymal stem cells are much better prepared to begin the bodies natural recovery process. Much more than even the self-repair done by the damaged tissues themselves.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Doctors have been extracting MSC cells for the use of stem cell treatments in Thailand for over 10 years now. The MSC cells are typically drawn out from  bone marrow,blood,adipose tissue or dental pulp and then processed and expanded in close system stem cells labs in Bangkok. The MSC+ stem cells are then grafted or delivered via IV drips to the patient to begin the regeneration process.  After years of successful treatment the doctors have developed a distinct protocol that promotes rapid signaling and healing with cell populations in the patients body. Evidence has clearly shown that patients receiving MSC derived cells recover much more quickly than those patients who had not received treatments in Thailand through direct MSC enriched stem cell grafts.

The key to regenerative medicine and healing today should not hinge on the location of the grafted MSC+ stem cells. The human physique, already has a natural delivery system that can be used to promote a faster healing process.  Researchers have also looked into the overall habits of MSC+ stem cells in a wide array of before and after stem cell treatments including patients with Diabetes,Crohn’s disease, congestive heart failure, bone defects,cerebral palsy and arthritis or joint/ ligament damage repair. Although MSC+ Stem cells have been known as the magic behind stem cells in the use of regenerative medicine and tissue repair,up until now long term studies had not been completed so doctors and researchers had not been able to discuss exactly how MSC+ stem cells function along with other Multipotent cell lines including Neural Stem Cells,Hematopoietic Stem Cells,Pancreatic Stem Cells, Cardiac Stem Cells and Neural Progenitor Cells.

Isolating Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Our stem cell doctors are finding even uses of the signaling or “homing” powers of MSC+ cells that will hopefully eliminate the need for eternal  injections of stem cells for a truly cell-free treatment protocol that only uses the bodies own hospital. We home to establish new and innovative treatments by utilizing cellular molecules as medication as an alternative to costly and inefficient pharmaceutical treatments of today.

Mesenchymal stem cells typically refers to adult stem cells that are derived from several types of tissues in the human body such as adipose tissue. However, there is still confusion as to whether different tissues carry the same type of mesenchymal stem cells from from autologous transplants or allogeneic transplants.

MSC cells are short for “Mesenchymal Stromal Cells” and are considered to be multipotent cells that can naturally differentiate themselves into a variety of vital stem cell types with the added feature or “immortality.” The MSC cells have the amazing capacity to keep self renewing.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells have been clinically proven to be able to differentiate in vitro  (in the lab) or in vivo (in people) into cell types such as:

• Adipocytes 
• Osteoblasts 
• Blood Cells and Hepatocytes
• Chondrocytes 
• Myocytes
• Brain Cells and Neurons
• Pancreatic islet cells for treatment in Diabetes

Regeneration center of Thailand offers a unique protocol using MSC stem cells from cord blood, Dental Pulp, Amniotic Membrane, Peripheral Blood and placenta derived MSC stem cells in most of our regenerative medicine programs.

To learn more about MSC+ Stem Cells or to inquire about a specific treatments we offer please contact us today.

Clonogenic assay is otherwise also referred to as a “colony formation,” [1] this pertains to an in vitro process or survival analysis in order to determine a single cell’s capability to form a specific colony [2].

A colony refers to fifty cells or more. This process is particularly useful in analyzing the effects of ionization and cytotoxic agents upon the mortality of cell reproduction in culture mediums. Apparently, only a fraction of seeded cells is capable of forming colonies.[3]

Published Clinical Citations

• [1] ^ Fedr, Radek, Zuzana Pernicová, Eva Slabáková, Nicol Straková, Jan Bouchal, Michal Grepl, Alois Kozubík, and Karel Souček. 2013. Automatic cell cloning assay for determining the clonogenic capacity of cancer and cancer stem-like cells. Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, no. 5 (February 28). doi:10.1002/cyto.a.22273. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23450810

• [2] ^ Hauser, Ross A, and Amos Orlofsky. 2013. Regenerative injection therapy with whole bone marrow aspirate for degenerative joint disease: a case series. Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders (September 4). doi:10.4137/CMAMD.S10951. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24046512

• [3] ^ Nahas, Shareef A, Robert Davies, Francesca Fike, Kotoka Nakamura, Liutao Du, Refik Kayali, Nathan T Martin, Patrick Concannon, and Richard A Gatti. 2011. Comprehensive profiling of radiosensitive human cell lines with DNA damage response assays identifies the neutral comet assay as a potential surrogate for clonogenic survival. Radiation research, no. 2 (September 30). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21962002